Top Adjectives Associated with Each Gender

These were obtained by calculating the difference between adjective associations with male pronouns, and with female pronouns:

number of male pronoun associations – number of female pronoun associations = difference value

Adjectives with the highest positive difference values demonstrate the strongest male pronoun association, and adjectives with the highest negative difference values demonstrate the strongest female pronoun association.

Methodology

The code used for this analysis can be found in pronoun_adjective_analysis.py.

The raw analysis returns a dictionary with each novel mapped to an array of 2 dictionaries:

• Each adjective and its number of occurrences associated with male pronouns
• Each adjective and its number of occurrences associated with female pronouns

For each novel, this analysis is conducted by iterating through the novel's tokenized text and considering windows of 10 words. When the central word of a window is a gendered pronoun, any adjectives also in the window are added to a dictionary. If there are additionally any opposite-gendered pronouns also in the window then the adjectives are discarded (as they are technically associated with both gender pronouns in that case).